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Wave Sheaf |
Dear Brethren,
To the detriment of many, the occasion of the
wave-sheaf presentation is of little interest, hardly understood, and largely ignored. When
properly appreciated, the wave-sheaf offering brings a great message of hope and salvation
to God’s people. Jesus Christ is the wave-sheaf offering – the first of the
firstfruits. The wave-sheaf of grain is called the "firstfruits."
What are “firstfruits?” The firstfruits are the first produce of a harvest to mature and ripen. The wave-sheaf offering is the very first of the firstfruits. Leviticus 23 is our first source of information about the wave-sheaf offering. In the Old Testament, it was the wave-sheaf ritual that governed the earliest time at which the new produce of the year could be eaten. “You shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn, nor green ears, until the selfsame day that ye have brought a [wave-sheaf] offering unto your God.” (Leviticus 23:14) The people of Israel were not allowed to eat any of the newly harvested grain each year until the wave-sheaf omer had been offered up to God during the Days of Unleavened Bread.
God gave this ritual to Israel long before they were to implement it. The wave-sheaf was for
the promised land, and not before. “The Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, Speak unto the
children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come into the land which I give unto you,
and shall reap the harvest thereof, then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your
harvest unto the priest: And he shall wave the sheaf before the Lord, to be accepted for
you: on the morrow after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it.” (Leviticus 23:9-11)
(Compare Exodus 29:24-25.) The “sheaf” as it is called was only a small measure of
shucked grain – a handful - more properly an omer.
The wave-sheaf offering was offered to God by Israel's high priest on behalf of the people.
The phrase, “accepted for you,” is most revealing. It pictures Jesus Christ
being offered to God the Father and accepted on our behalf. When God the Father formally
accepted Jesus Christ, it became possible for us to become future sons and daughters of God.
God’s plan of salvation is demonstrated to us through His annual Holy Days that are
connected to the various harvest seasons. “Three times [seasons] thou shalt
keep a Feast unto me in the year.” (Exodus 23:14) Just as crops were
harvested in conjunction with the three festival seasons, God's Holy Days show us how He
will harvest differing groups of people for eternal life into His Kingdom. Jesus declared
the parable of the end-time spiritual harvest to His disciples. “He answered and
said unto them, He that soweth the good seed is the Son of man. The field is the world; the
good seed are the children of the kingdom; …the harvest is the end of the world.”
(Matthew 13:37-40)
The early grain harvest is mainly barley. Barley originated in the Middle East as a wild
grass, and is believed to be the first cereal grain crop to be widely cultivated. Winter
grain is planted after the fall harvest - as late as October and November for maturation
early in the spring. The fall-planted barley crop ripens earlier in the spring. Jesus told
His disciples near Passover time, “Do not say there are yet four months, and then
cometh harvest, behold, I say unto you, lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for they
are white already to harvest.” (John 4:35)
The implication of Jesus’ words was that the disciples should begin immediately to
gather the spiritual firstfruits of the harvest. The early wheat harvest is completed in
late May and early June at the time of Pentecost. “You shall observe the feast of
weeks of the firstfruits of wheat harvest [Pentecost], and the feast of ingathering at the
year's end.” (Exodus 34:22) Because of its early maturity, barley fits well into
a double-cropping system, allowing wheat time to grow to full maturity in the second-half
of the growing season. The much larger grain harvest comes at summer’s end –
the end of the year.
In the same way that there were two phases of physical harvesting in ancient Israel, so there
will be two occasions of spiritual harvesting in God's great plan for the salvation of man.
These two resurrections are designated by the two wave-loaves of Leviticus 23:17. Each
wave-loaf, in its order, must be offered and accepted by God. As the wave-sheaf offering
represents Jesus Christ, these wave-loaves represent God's spiritual firstfruits from among
faithful men. “And the feast of harvest, the firstfruits of thy labors
[Pentecost], which thou hast sown in the field: and the feast of ingathering, [Feast of
Tabernacles] which is in the end of the year, when thou hast gathered in thy labors out of
the field.” (Exodus 23:16)
The Church of God, including the prophets and the saints of the Old Testament, are a part of
the firstfruits, and will be in the better resurrection. Then, at the end of the millennium
there will be a much larger resurrection of those from the great white throne judgment period.
“But every man in his own order: Christ the firstfruits; afterward they that are
Christ's at his coming.” (1Corinthians 15:23)
An incredible truth is that those of the Church of God are included, with Christ, among the
firstfruits. "Of His own will He brought us forth by the word of truth, that we might
be a kind of firstfruits of His creatures." (James 1:18) Jesus Christ's presented
Himself to God the Father as the wave-sheaf offering to be accepted as the first of the "
firstfruits" resurrected from the dead to eternal life. We, too, will be resurrected to
eternal life as firstfruits. This is pictured by the wave-loaves of Pentecost. “You
shall bring out of your habitations two wave-loaves of two tenth deals: they shall be of fine
flour; they shall be baked with leaven; they are the firstfruits unto the Lord.”
(Leviticus 23:17) The harvests picture those who are called and prepared for the Kingdom
of God. They are the "firstfruits of the Spirit" that God is calling to salvation
(Romans 8:23).
“Jesus is the firstborn of all creation. He is the head of the body, the church: who
is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence.
For it pleased the Father that in him should all fulness dwell… that we may present every
man perfect in Christ Jesus.” (Colossians 1:15, 18, 19, 28)
We have been given a superb New Testament example of Jesus Christ as the wave-sheaf offering.
This took place on the morrow after the weekly Sabbath, after Jesus had died on Passover.
“The first day of the week cometh Mary Magdalene early, when it was yet dark, unto the
sepulcher, and saw the stone taken away from the sepulcher… And when she turned herself
back, and saw Jesus standing, and knew not that it was Jesus. Jesus saith unto her, Touch
me not; for I am not yet ascended to my Father…my God, and your God.”
(John 20:1, 14, 17)
Tradition tells us that the wave-sheaf would have been being offered at about 9 AM in the
temple that morning. We know that Jesus ascended to His Father and was accepted, because
later that same day He allowed Himself to be touched. (Compare Lev 23:11) “As they
went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, All hail. And they came and
held him by the feet, and worshipped Him.” (Matthew 28:9) “Then
saith Jesus to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither
thy hand, and thrust it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing.”
(John 20:27)
Jesus had ascended to His Father. Then He could be touched. Jesus was the very first to be
raised from the dead in God's spiritual harvest of mankind. Jesus opened the way for all men
to have the opportunity for eternal life. “But now is Christ risen from the dead,
and become the firstfruits of them that slept. For since by man came death, by man came also
the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made
alive.” (1Corinthians 15:20-22)
Before He died, Jesus knew full well that He would be offered to the Father and be received
as an acceptable sacrifice. He prayed that night, looking forward to that acceptance. When
we are presented to the Father, we can know that we will be accepted as well. “
These words spake Jesus, and lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, Father, the hour is
come; glorify thy Son, that thy Son also may glorify thee.” (John 17:1)
“When Christ who is our life, shall appear, then shall you also appear with Him
in glory." (Colossians 3:4)
Jesus is the first of the firstfruits to be resurrected from the dead and accepted by His
Father. God the Father will accept us as a wave-sheaf offering as well. “For whom
he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of His Son, that he
might be the firstborn among many brethren.” (Romans 8:29) We, too, are to be
firstfruits. “These are they which were not defiled with women; for they are virgins.
These are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever he goeth. These were redeemed from among
men, being the firstfruits unto God and to the Lamb.” (Revelation 14:4)
The number seven pictures going on to perfection. In the same way that there are seven days
of Unleavened Bread after the wave-sheaf offering, there are seven weeks after the wave-sheaf
offering until Pentecost. Pentecost is the time of the completion of the early grain harvest
– representing the firstfruits.
The Sunday on which the wave-sheaf offering was made, is also the day on which the count of
seven weekly Sabbaths is to begin. The wave-sheaf offering governs the timing of the day of
Pentecost. “You shall count unto you from the morrow after the Sabbath, from the
day that ye brought the sheaf of the wave offering; seven Sabbaths shall be complete: Even
unto the morrow after the seventh Sabbath shall ye number fifty days; and ye shall offer a
new meal offering unto the Lord. Ye shall bring out of your habitations two wave-loaves of
two tenth deals: they shall be of fine flour; they shall be baked with leaven; they are the
firstfruits unto the Lord.” (Leviticus 23:15-17)
Pentecost must be counted – “You shall count unto you from the morrow after
the Sabbath.” Pentecost is unique in its placement on the sacred calendar.
All God’s other Holy Days are on fixed days of a specific month – for example,
the 14th of Abib, the 15th day of the 7th month, etc. Those who count from a fixed date,
(this is incorrect) inevitably arrive at another (incorrect) fixed date. Many Jews regard the
First Day of Unleavened Bread on the 15th of Abib to be the Sabbath just before the
Wave Sheaf Day (16th of Abib), so that when they count fifty, they always come out with
Pentecost being on the 6th of Sivan. If that were the intent of God’s instruction
– there would be no need to count Pentecost.
The wave-sheaf always falls on a Sunday within the Days of Unleavened Bread. The subject
of the timing is, "the wave-sheaf, the firstfruits of the harvest."
“On the morrow after the [weekly] Sabbath the priest shall wave it [the firstfruits
of your harvest].” (Leviticus 23:11) Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God was the
Passover sacrifice. After that He was represented by the wave-sheaf presented to the
Father. “In the fourteenth day of the first month at even is the Lord’s
Passover. And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the feast of unleavened bread
unto the Lord: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.” (Leviticus 23:5-6) When
the fourteenth day of the first month (Passover) falls on a weekly Sabbath, the
morrow after the Sabbath is – in this case, the First Day of Unleavened
Bread - the day of the wave-sheaf offering.
It is incorrect to make the weekly Sabbath the focus of this verse by saying that the
weekly Sabbath must fall within the Days of Unleavened Bread, rather than the wave-sheaf
offering. “On the morrow after the Sabbath the priest shall wave it [the
firstfruits of your harvest].” If one assumes (incorrectly) that when the
Passover falls on a weekly Sabbath, that Sabbath must be excluded as the Sabbath preceding
the morrow since it is not in the Days of Unleavened Bread, then the only weekly Sabbath
in the Days of Unleavened Bread will be on the Last Day of Unleavened Bread. If that were
the case, which it is not, then, the "morrow after the Sabbath"
would fall outside of the Days of Unleavened Bread. The clear link between Unleavened Bread
and Pentecost would be broken – and this is clearly not the intent of these verses
that tie the two Feasts of the Lord together. It is the "morrow after the
Sabbath" that needs to be in the Days of Unleavened Bread, because that is when
the wave-sheaf is to be offered.
Jesus is the Unleavened Bread of sincerity and truth (1 Corinthians 5:8). Jesus was
crucified outside the gates of Jerusalem, because the Jews believed His dead body would
defile them and their city (Hebrews 13:12). They did not know that Jesus’ death
reconciled us to God (Romans 5:10). Let us not make the same mistake by taking Jesus
Christ out of the Days of Unleavened Bread. “Of how much sorer punishment,
suppose you, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and
hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and
hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?” (Hebrews 10:29)
The Lord said, “When ye be come into the land which I give unto you, and shall
reap the harvest thereof…” Let us not reason away this instruction.
God knew that there were foreigners in the promised land and that they had their
own crops. He said, “I give you the land.” All the earth belongs
to the Lord (Psalms 24:1). He can give it to whomsoever He will. God’s
specific instruction to the children of Israel was that He would give them the promised
land, “then ye shall bring a sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest unto the
priest.” (Leviticus 23:10) It does not matter who planted the grain.
Reap the harvest thereof, God says. At the time of the wave-sheaf in the New
Testament, we find these words of Jesus. “I sent you to reap that whereon
ye bestowed no labor: other men labored, and ye are entered into their labors.”
(John 4:38)
Israel was told that they could eat of the newly harvested barley, bread, parched corn,
green ears, of the promised land on the morrow after the Sabbath in the Days of Unleavened
Bread after they had brought a wave-sheaf offering unto God. God has given us this
perfect example to make sure that the families of God are not divided over this point.
“And the children of Israel encamped in Gilgal, and kept the Passover on the
fourteenth day of the month at even in the plains of Jericho. And they did eat of the
produce of the land on the morrow after the Passover, unleavened cakes, and parched corn in
the selfsame day.” (Joshua 5:10-11) (RSV, AB, NKJV) (Exodus 12:8 would
have required ‘old corn’ for the unleavened bread that they ate with the Passover
– since the harvesting could not have yet commenced.)
The only way they could have eaten unleavened cakes on the First Day of Unleavened Bread,
the morrow after the Passover, was to have first offered the wave-sheaf on the 15th of the
month. Therefore, Passover had to have been on a weekly Sabbath that year. This
is a clear Biblical example showing that it is the wave-sheaf offering (not the preceding
Sabbath) that has to fall in the Days of Unleavened Bread.
The wave-sheaf ceremony shows us the completion of the perfect plan of God and our salvation
in it. We can now have hope and expectation that God the Father will accept us to
glory, just as Jesus Christ was glorified during the Days of Unleavened Bread so many years
ago.
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Sermon: "Wave Sheaf"
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